(33) The most versatile all around laminate, this grade is a continuous glass woven fabric base impregnated with an epoxy resin binder. It has extremely high mechanical strength, good dielectric loss properties, and good electric strength properties, both wet and dry. NEMA grades G10, and FR4 Glass-Cloth Reinforced Epoxy - natural color is typically a yellowish to light green. The most versatile all-around laminate grades are continuous glass woven fabric impregnated with an epoxy resin binder. (Epoxy resins are among the most versatile and widely used plastics in the electronics field, primarily because water absorption is virtually nil, rendering it an outstanding insulator. Beyond its electrical insulating properties, epoxy resins exhibit ...
(24) NEMA grades G11 Glass-Cloth Reinforced Epoxy - natural color is typically yellow green to amber. This grade is similar to G10/FR4 but has a higher operating temperature and superior mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and is not flame retardant.
(30) These grades are composed of a continuous glass woven cloth base impregnated with a melamine resin binder. (Melamine resins, once cured, are the hardest, most rigid and abrasion resistant of the standard resins employed in the production of industrial laminates. However, prolonged exposure to high temperature can adversely affect its mechanical and electrical strength properties. Arc resistance, however, may remain unaffected despite excessive thermal exposure). Melamines are the hardest of laminates, exhibiting good dimensional stability and arc resistance. It's also caustic resistant. A key difference between NEMA Grades G5 and G9 are that G9 is more resistant to the elements of the environment. Thus, G9 can be safely substituted where ...
(11) NEMA grades G7 Glass-Cloth Reinforced Silicone - natural color is typically cream to white. Composed of a continuous glass woven cloth base impregnated with a silicone resin binder, this grade has excellent heat and arc resistance. (Silicone thermosetting resins are among the best of all polymer materials in resistance to temperature. Hence, silicone is broadly used for high temperature electronic applications requiring low electrical losses. Silicone isn't as strong as epoxies and phenolics upon aging at lower temperatures but is stronger upon aging over 400°F). G7 has extremely good dielectric loss properties under dry conditions and good electrical properties under humid conditions.
(23) NEMA grades X, XX and XXX Paper Reinforced Phenolic - natural color is typically light tan to brown. These grades are composed of a paper base impregnated with a phenolic resin binder. (Phenolics are the oldest, best-known general purpose thermoset resins. They are among the lowest in cost and easiest to process. Phenolics are quite adequate for a fair percentage of electrical applications. Generally speaking, they are not equivalent to epoxies in resistance to moisture, humidity, dimensional stability, shrinkage and retention of electrical properties in extreme environments).
(29) NEMA grades C and CE Canvas Cotton-Cloth Reinforced Phenolic - natural cotton woven cloth impregnated with a phenolic resin binder. (Phenolics are the oldest best known general purpose thermoset resins. They are among the lowest in cost and easiest to process. Phenolics are quite adequate for a fair percentage of electrical applications. Generally speaking, they are not equivalent to epoxies in resistance to moisture, humidity, dimensional stability, shrinkage and retention of electrical proper ties in extreme environments). These grades contain a medium weave canvas and are known primarily for their mechanical properties.
(33) NEMA grades L and LE Linen Cotton-Cloth Reinforced Phenolic - natural color is typically light tan to brown. This grade is composed of a fine weave linen cloth impregnated with a phenolic resin binder. This grade like the canvas phenolic; is known for its mechanical properties. The finer weave allows for machining more intricate details than canvas grade, such as gear teeth, etc. These grades are not recommended for primary electrical insulation, but grade LE exhibits superior moisture resistance to grades L, C and CE, and thus is an adequate insulator for a fair number of applications.
